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I. working principle of centrifugal pump
1. Working principle of centrifugal pump
The impeller is installed in the pump housing 2 and fastened on the pump shaft 3, which is directly driven by the motor. There is a liquid suction 4 in the center of the pump housing which is connected with the suction pipe 5. The liquid enters the pump through the bottom valve 6 and the suction pipe. The liquid discharge port 8 on the pump housing is connected with the discharge pipe 9.
Before the start of the pump, the pump shell is filled with the delivered liquid; after the start, after the start, the impeller is driven by the shaft to rotate at a high speed, and the liquid between the blades must also rotate with it. Under the action of centrifugal force, the liquid is thrown from the center of impeller to the outer edge and gets energy, which leaves the outer edge of impeller at high speed and enters the volute pump shell. In the volute, the liquid slows down due to the gradual expansion of the flow channel, and changes part of the kinetic energy into the static energy. Finally, the liquid flows into the discharge pipe at a higher pressure and is sent to the required place. When the liquid flows from the center of the impeller to the outer edge, a certain vacuum is formed in the center of the impeller. Because the pressure above the liquid level of the storage tank is greater than the pressure at the inlet of the pump, the liquid is continuously pressed into the impeller. It can be seen that as long as the impeller keeps rotating, the liquid will be continuously sucked in and discharged.
2. Air binding
When there is air in the pump case, the centrifugal force is generated because the density of air is much smaller than that of liquid. Therefore, the pressure difference between the upper part of the liquid level of the storage tank and the suction port of the pump is not enough to press the liquid in the storage tank into the pump, that is, the centrifugal pump has no self-priming capacity, which makes the centrifugal pump unable to deliver liquid. This phenomenon is called "gas binding phenomenon".
In order to fill the pump with liquid, a bottom valve with a filter screen is usually installed at the bottom of the suction pipe, which is a check valve. The function of the filter screen is to prevent solid substances from entering the pump and damaging the impeller or hindering the normal operation of the pump.
